CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
ARTICLE 1. PURPOSE AND SUBJECT OF THE CODE
The Code of Ethics establishes standards of ethical behavior for Members of the Joint Stock Company Georgian Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to as "Members") and Brokers, employed by the Members, which they are required to comply with in their daily activities. The purpose of the Code is to ensure establishment of open and fairly regulated securities market and to promote its efficient functioning. The Code also envisages principals of professional behavior and fair conduct of business by the intermediaries in order to increase investors' trust in their fairness.
ARTICLE 2. COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION ON SECURITIES
In addition to the norms established hereby, this Code obliges all Members and Brokers of the Joint Stock Company Georgian Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to as "Exchange") to comply with the Legislation of Georgia on Securities Markets and all active laws of securities markets of other countries. Moreover, Members and Brokers of the Georgian Stock Exchange shall comply with the rules and norms of the National Securities Commission of Georgia (hereinafter referred to as "NSCG"), Exchange, and Central Depository, which they are a Member of.
ARTICLE 3. RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT OF A MEMBER
Management of the Member Brokerage Companies is responsible to ensure that Company and Brokers, employed by this Company, comply with the requirements set by this Code.
ARTICLE 4. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS OF THE CODE OF ETHICS
It shall be duty of each Member and Broker to comply with all principals of the Code of Ethics of the Exchange. Failure to comply with any principals of this Code shall be considered as a breach of these standards and may result in a disciplinary fine in accordance with the Code of Procedures of the Exchange.
ARTICLE 5. DEFINITION OF TERMS
The terms used in this Code for the purposes of this Code have the following
meanings:
5.1. Member - Owner-Member (Member-Shareholder) of the Georgian Stock Exchange.
5.2. Broker - A person employed by a Member that holds Broker License in
accordance with the "Law of Georgia on Securities Markets."
5.3. Conflict of Interests - A situation where the interests of a Member or a
Broker conflict with duties to a Client, or when duty of a Member or a Broker to
one Client conflicts with the interest of another Client.
5.4. Complaint - A written statement made by a Client, or a person acting on
behalf of a Client, that describes complaint on a Member or any person employed
by a Member regarding the intermediation in the securities transaction or other
type of security transfer.
5.5. Bona Fide Client - A Client, who has cash or securities in the possession
of a Member and/or a contractual business relationship with a Member.
5.6. Representative of Market Regulator - An authorized representative of the
NSCG or an authorized representative of any Self-Regulating Organization to
which the Member belongs.
5.7. Inside Information - Any non-public material information related to one or
more Reporting Companies or their Publicly Held Securities.
5.8. Insider - Any person who, by virtue of the Membership in the managing body
of a Reporting Company, or holdings in the capital of such Company, or because
of his/her employment, profession, or duties, is in possession of inside
information. Insiders shall likewise be considered other persons who have inside
information originated from an Insider.
5.9. Prohibition on Transfer of Inside Information - An action of an Insider or
any person who deliberately receives inside information shall be considered
unlawful if he/she:
5.9.1. Based on an inside information, in personal interests or on behalf of
other person, purchases or sells securities of Reporting Company;
5.9.2. Discloses such information to a third party unless it is defined by
his/her professional duties;
5.9.3. Based on the inside information recommends purchase or sale of securities
to a third party.
5. 10. Market Manipulation - Activities described below:
5.10.1. In order to create false or misleading impression of active securities
trading or false and misleading picture of securities market:
a) executing securities transaction that does not change beneficial owner;
or
b) making series of bids or offers knowing in advance about counter bids/offers
from the same or other parties.
5.10.2. Series of securities transactions, executed alone or together with other
persons that:
a) will raise the price for the purpose of inducing purchase of the security; or
b) will decrease the price for the purpose of inducing sale of the
security;
c) intends to create misleading impression of active securities trading in
order to create or enhance artificially, volume of securities
trading.
5.10.3. Dissemination of information about possible rise or fall of the
security's price or in order to cause such price rise or fall for this
security.
5.10.4. Statement of a Broker to induce purchase or sale of the security, at the
time and under the circumstances when the stated information does not correspond
with the real conditions and the Broker is aware of or has a ground to believe
that he/she is wrong.
5.10.5. To effect, either alone or in consent with others, a security
purchase/sell transactions solely for the purpose of artificially fixing or
stabilizing the price of such a security.
5.10. Material Fact or Event - Any fact or event that can be reasonably
considered influential on the investor's decision to buy, sell, or hold a
security.
5.11. Security (Securities) - Transferable financial instruments and rights that
can be offered to public in the form of equity or debt securities, or can be
converted into such securities, or the ones that carry the right to subscribe
for or purchase such securities, investment contracts, and other instruments and
rights related to securities.
ARTICLE 6. PRINCIPLES OF HIGH STANDARDS OF COMMERCIAL REPUTATION AND FAIRNESS AND OF FAIRNESS OF MUTUALLY PROFITABLE TRADE
All Members of the Exchange and Brokers employed by the Members, in the conduct of their business, shall pursue principals of high standards of commercial reputation and fairness and of fairness of mutually profitable principles of trade.
ARTICLE 7. RECOMMENDATIONS TO CLIENTS
7.1. When recommending purchase, sale or exchange of any security to a Client
a Member shall strongly believe in the usefulness of the recommendation for the
Client based on the facts disclosed by the Client. The information given in the
sub-sections (a) and (b) of the second section of this Article, shall be
obtained by the Member in writing, at the time of opening an account by a Client
with the Member.
7.2. Prior to recommending a transaction on security to a Client, a Member shall
make reasonable efforts to obtain the following information:
a) Client's age and income;
b) Client's family and other financial responsibilities;
c) Client's financial status;
d) Client's tax status;
e) Client's investment objectives;
f) Client's risk tolerance; and
g) other similar information that can be used by a Member or a Broker when
making recommendations to a Client.
7.3. If a Client refuses to provide a Member with above-mentioned information,
the Member shall note on the Client's new account form that the Client refused
to provide such information and the Member shall confirm it with the
signature.
ARTICLE 8. PRACTICES THAT ARE CONSIDERED AS DISCIPLINARY VIOLATIONS
8.1. All Members and Brokers employed by a Members are obliged to deal fairly
with their Clients. Following are examples of practices that shall be considered
illegal and will result in disciplinary fine:
8.1.1. Offering speculative, low-priced securities to a Client when not having
information about Client's requests and objectives or without actually trying to
find out such information;
8.1.2. Excessive trading of securities with no regard for the Client's financial
status or investment objectives on such Client's account that generates
commissions;
8.1.3. Opening of fictitious account to execute those transactions that would
have been prohibited if executed on other account;
8.1.4. Execution of prohibited transactions on Client's account;
8.1.5. Using false or misleading advertising materials in order to create wrong
impression or to force the wrong decision on a Client.
8.1.6. Making false or misleading statement regarding Client's account status or
regarding the value of the securities on the account;
8.1.7. Forging Client's signature or seal on any document.
ARTICLE 9. FAIR PRICES, COMMISSIONS AND COMPENSATION
9.1. Compensation of the Member for the services performed shall be
appropriate and fair. Compensation shall extend to all Client's with equal
financial status.
9.2. If a Member buys or sells security personally or for a Client the Member
shall execute transaction at a fair price for a Client, taking into
consideration all relevant circumstances.
9.3. If a Member, in some transactions, acts as Client's agent a Member shall
not set more than a fair commission or service compensation for the Client,
taking into account all relevant circumstances.
9.4. Members must comply with all regulations issued by the NSCG related to
service commissions and charges.
ARTICLE 10. EXECUTION OF RETAIL TRANSACTIONS
Members and their Brokers shall use reasonable diligence to ascertain the best market for the security and buy or sell security at a favorable price for the Client under prevailing market conditions.
ARTICLE 11. FORWARDING OF PROXY AND OTHER MATERIALS
A Member shall forward a proxy and other related materials, received from the issuer according to the set regulation, to each beneficial owner of shares that are held by the Member as a Nominee Holder.
ARTICLE 12. PUBLICATION OF TRANSACTIONS AND QUOTATIONS
No Member shall publish or circulate, or cause to be published or circulated, any statement or notice unless a Member is sure that the transaction has been executed in accordance with an active legislation. No Member shall publish or circulate, or cause to be published or circulated, a Quotation on a Security unless a Member is sure that the Quotation represents an actual bid or offer on the Security.
ARTICLE 13. OFFERS AT STATED PRICES
No Member shall make an offer to buy from or sell any security to any person at a stated price unless the Member is ready to purchase or sell at that price and under conditions stated at the time of publishing an offer to buy or sell.
ARTICLE 14. FIDUCIARY DUTY
A Member acting as a settlement intermediary, transfer agent, fiduciary or other and possessing information regarding the ownership of securities, shall not use this information to create, increase, or decrease purchases, sales, or exchanges of securities except when approved by the beneficial owner of the security.
ARTICLE 15. INFLUENCING OR REWARDING EMPLOYEES OF OTHER MEMBERS
No Member or Broker shall give or permit giving of any valuables in the form
of gratuity (including monetary gratuity) exceeding value of 100 GEL, to any
Broker or employee of another Company, if such payment or gratuity is related to
the business of the Member.
ARTICLE 16. CONFIRMATION OF TRANSACTIONS
After execution of every transaction with a Client, a Member shall provide or
send out to the Client a written notification with complete information bellow:
a) unit price of a security;
b) exact date and time of transaction;
c) total number of securities bought or sold;
d) transaction commission amount;
e) total volume of the transaction including transaction commission;
f) whether or not a Member acted as a Client's agent or as a dealer;
g) whether or not a Member acted as a double agent for buyer and seller; and
h) any other information related to the transaction that might be required to be
disclosed by the NSCG.
ARTICLE 17. DISCLOSURE OF A RELATIONSHIP WITH AN ISSUER
A Member, who is in any way financially dependent on or has a relationship with an issuer of security, shall disclose an existence of such relationship to Clients at the time of signing a contract or at the time of receiving an order regarding the issuer's security.
ARTICLE 18. DISCRETIONARY ACCOUNT
18.1. No Member or Broker shall exercise Broker rights on Client's account
unless the Client has given prior written authorization to the Member and if an
account has not been accepted by the Member. A manager or a director, appointed
by the Member, must certify Discretionary Account in writing. The person
authorized to certify an account could not be a Broker who is executing
transaction on this Account.
18.2. A Member or an authorized person appointed by a Member shall approve in
writing every order entered in each Discretionary Account. Such person shall
review all discretionary accounts at least once a month in order to detect and
prevent transactions, which are excessive in volume and frequency according to
financial resources and character of the account.
18.3. A Member, upon signing a written agreement with a Client shall inform the
Client about those provisions of these rules that are regulating Member
relationships with Clients.
ARTICLE 19. CLIENT FUNDS AND SECURITIES
19.1. No Member or Broker shall make improper use of Client's funds or
securities.
19.2. No Member shall borrow or lend securities that are kept for the Client and
which can not be pledged or loaned, unless a Member has obtained a prior written
authorization permitting lending of such securities from the Client.
19.3. No Member shall hold Client's securities, which are fully paid for and are
kept for any Client, unless such securities are segregated and clearly
identified by the method that distinctly indicates the Client's ownership on
these securities.
19.4. No Member or Broker shall guarantee a Client that any security account of
the Client maintained by the Member, or any securities transaction executed by
the Member for the Client or together with Client, is protected against the
loss.
19.5. No Member or Broker shall have direct or indirect share in the profits or
losses in any account maintained by the Member.
ARTICLE 20. CLIENT ACCOUNT STATEMENTS
20.1. Each Member shall send to a Client a monthly account statement of any
security position, cash balance or account activity volume over the period of
time since the last statement was sent. If no change has occurred on the account
then account statement is sent on a quarterly basis.
20.2. An "account activity volume" shall include purchases, sales,
credit interests or debit, charges or credits, dividend payments, transfer
activities, securities receipts or deliveries, and journal entries related to
securities or cash fund transactions under the Member nominal ownership or
control.
20.3. The Exchange, acting through the Trading Surveillance and Disciplinary
Department, may discharge any Member from the obligations specified by this
Article based on a reasonable written request. Any Member who has valid clearing
agreement, as described in Article 21 of this Code, is discharged from the
obligations specified by this Article under reasonable grounds.
ARTICLE 21. CLEARING AGREEMENTS
21.1. All clearing agreements entered by a Member shall clearly specify the
agreement rights and responsibilities of every participant to the agreement. It
shall also, at minimum, define each participant's responsibility to the matters
described bellow:
a) opening, confirming, and monitoring of Client's accounts;
b) extension of credit;
c) maintenance of books and records;
d) receipt and delivery of funds and securities;
e) safeguarding of funds and securities;
f) maintenance and transmission of confirmations and periodic reporting;
g) receipt of orders and execution of transactions.
21.2. Each Client whose account envisages conditions of full disclosure at the
time of opening an account shall be notified in writing about existence of
clearing agreement.
ARTICLE 22. SUPERVISION
22.1. Each Member shall establish and maintain Broker activities' supervisory
system that will be intelligently planed and organized in accordance with the
Law on Securities Market, regulations of the NSCG and the Exchange. Final
responsibility for proper supervision shall rest with the Member.
22.2. Each Member shall create, maintain, and enforce intelligently planned
written supervisory procedures to oversee managing body and employee
activities.
22.3. Member's written supervisory procedures shall include supervisory system
mentioned above, job titles of the employees, license/certification status and
business address. It shall also state the responsibilities of each supervisory
person that relates to the type of business activities a Member. A Member shall
enter in the internal record the names of all persons who are designated as
supervisory personnel and the dates when such designations become effective. A
Member shall keep such records for a period of at least three years, the first
two years - in the office.
22.4. A copy of the Member's written supervisory procedures shall be kept and
maintained everywhere where the Member conducts his/her supervisory activities.
Each Member, in a particular time frame, shall amend its written supervisory
procedures in accordance with amendments to the Law on Securities Markets,
amendments to the regulations of the NSCG, and in case of changes in the
supervisory system and employee staff. Each Member is obliged to communicate
such amendments throughout the organization.
22.5. Each Member, for the internal records, shall establish written procedures
for all transactions and correspondence executed by the Broker, that are related
to the securities transactions and intermediation that shall be reviewed and
approved by a Director.
ARTICLE 23. BOOKKEEPING AND RECORDS
23.1. Each Member shall maintain accounting books, records, memoranda, and
other documentation in accordance with the Law of Georgia on Securities Markets,
relevant regulations of the NSCG, and the rules of the Exchange.
23.2. Each Member, at the time of opening an account, shall draw an agreement
with the Client and preserve it in conformity with the rules of the NSCG.
23.3. Each Member shall keep Client's all written complaints and records of
actions taken in response to complaint.
ARTICLE 24. STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
A Member, upon request by any potential Client, shall make available information related to the Member's financial condition as disclosed in the most recent balance prepared in accordance with the Member's business practice and/or the Law of Georgia on Securities Markets, regulations of the NSCG, and the Exchange.
ARTICLE 25. DEALING WITH NON-MEMBERS
25.1. No Member shall sell or buy any security from any non-Member Brokerage
Company unless transaction is executed at the same price the Member would
exercise with the Client, who is not engaged in investment banking or securities
business.
25.2. The provisions of Article 25.1. do not apply to foreign Brokerage
Companies who are not eligible for Membership on the Exchange. However, in any
transaction with such foreign Brokerage Company where a trading concession,
discount, or other price concessions are allowed, a Member, from a foreign
Brokerage Company, shall obtain an agreement that, when making sales of the
securities acquired in such transaction in Georgia the foreign Brokerage Company
shall conform to the provisions of Article 25.1. as would a Member of the
Exchange.
25.3. The term "Non-Member Brokerage Company" includes all Brokerage
Companies that are so licensed by the NSCG but are not Members of the Exchange.
25.4. The regulations of this Article shall not be interpreted and used in such
a way that they limit the right of a Member of the Exchange to execute dealer
discount, price concession, commissions or other special conditions.
ARTICLE 26. TRANSACTIONS WITH BROKERS
26.1. No Broker of the Member has a right to open or maintain a securities
account with another Member without prior written authorization by the Employer
Company.
26.2. A copy of the authorization described in Article 26.1. shall be provided
beforehand to the Member with whom the Broker intends to open personal account
or execute transaction.
26.3. If a Broker, with prior written authorization from his employer, opens
personal account with another Member, the executing Member shall transmit to the
employer duplicate copies of all transaction confirmations and monthly account
statements of the
Broker.
ARTICLE 27. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
27.1. Every Member shall create, maintain and enforce internal rules related
to the maintenance and safekeeping of confidential information. These rules
shall envisage the following:
27.1.1. What is considered to be confidential information by the Member:
a) information related to the Member's activities;
b) information relating Clients.
27.1.2. Member's requirements to the Brokers to comply with these rules. Such
rules obligate a Broker not to disclose confidential information to:
a) other departments of the Member or their Brokers;
b) Brokers of other Members, Clients, market regulators or
public.
ARTICLE 28. DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
28.1. Confidential information may be disclosed to:
a) representatives of market regulating body upon Members' request;
b) authorized person of a Client with written authorization.
28.2. Failure to comply with the rules regarding confidential information or
their violation shall be constituted as a breach of this Code and shall result
in disciplinary fine.